ABSTRACT
@#Recent outbreak of dengue virus （DENV） in subtropics and tropics and the increasing incidence of DENV infection have seriously threatened the public health. Upon virus infection，the host cells rapidly elicit various responses through activating different signaling pathways，to fight against the invasion of DENV. On the other hand，dengue virus has evolved many strategies of escaping，antagonizing or even utilizing these host responses. This review summarizes the progress of molecular biology of DENV and the cellular responses against DENV infection，including innate immune response，adaptive immune response，cell death，autophagy，unfolded protein response，and stress granule formation.
ABSTRACT
T-cell internal antigen-1 (TIA-1) has roles in regulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA translation, and stress granule (SG) formation in human cells. As an evolutionarily conserved response to environmental stress, SGs have been reported in various species. However, SG formation in chicken cells and the role of chicken TIA-1 (cTIA-1) in SG assembly has not been elucidated. In the present study, we cloned cTIA-1 and showed that it facilitates the assembly of canonical SGs in both human and chicken cells. Overexpression of the chicken prion-related domain (cPRD) of cTIA-1 that bore an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag (pntGFP-cPRD) or Flag tag (pFlag-cPRD) induced the production of typical SGs. However, C-terminal GFP-tagged cPRD induced notably large cytoplasmic granules that were devoid of endogenous G3BP1 and remained stable when exposed to cycloheximide, indicating that these were not typical SGs, and that the pntGFP tag influences cPRD localization. Finally, endogenous cTIA-1 was recruited to SGs in chicken cells and tissues under environmental stress. Taken together, our study provide evidence that cTIA-1 has a role in canonical SG formation in chicken cells and tissues. Our results also indicate that cPRD is necessary for SG aggregation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chickens , Clone Cells , Cycloheximide , Cytoplasmic Granules , Protein Biosynthesis , RNA Precursors , RNA-Binding Proteins , T-LymphocytesABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the association of staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1(SND1) and T-cell intracellular antigen 1(TIA-1) on stress granules, and the regulation of SND1 on stress granules under stress stimuli. Methods The immunofluorescence assay and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to observe the co-localization of SND1 protein and TIA-1 protein under stress stimuli, and the over-expression plasmids of pEGFP vector were transfected into HeLa cells and to verify which domain of SND1 co-localized with TIA-1 under stress stimuli. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the expression of SND1 protein in HeLa cells was measured by Western Blotting assay. Then whether the knockdown of SND1 affected the recruitment of TIA-1 on stress granules was observed. Heat shocks under different times were used to identify whether there were dynamic changes in transportation of SND1 and TIA-1 on stress granules. Results SND1 co-localized with TIA-1 on stress granules under stress stimuli, and the associated domain of SND1 were SN domain. TIA-1 still can be recruited on stress granules but a large amount of stress granules were reduced even though the expression of SND1 protein was decreased. And the transportation of SND1 on stress granules was laged behind TIA-1 under different-times of heat shocks. Conclusion SND1 protein co-localizes with TIA-1 on stress granules, and which co-regulates the cellular stress response under stress stimuli.
ABSTRACT
Objective To optimize extraction technology for volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin in the second traditional veterinary drugs anti-stress granule.Methods The single factor was used to investigate the concentration and amount of the ethanol before inclusion of volatile oil.The L9(34) orthogonal design was used to optimize the factors in the process of inclusion.Results The optimal of technology method was that volatile oil was dissolved with 95% EtOH by 1:20(mL/mL),the ratio of oil and ?-CD was 1:8,?-CD was prepared the concentration of 10%,ultrasound pool was at 40 ℃,2.0 h.Conclusion The optimized process is stable and adjustable quality.